CARNIVAL CORPORATION OUTPERFORMS GUIDANCE, DELIVERING BEST EVER REVENUES, NET YIELDS AND NET INCOME

PR Newswire

MIAMI, Sept. 29, 2026

Record bookings provide a strong foundation for 2027

MIAMI, Sept. 29, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Carnival Corporation (NYSE: CCL) announced financial results for the third quarter 2026 and provided an updated outlook.

"We delivered another quarter of top and bottom-line records, with accelerating demand and even stronger cost discipline driving results ahead of our expectations. This performance reinforces the underlying trajectory of our business and the consistency of our commercial execution, as evidenced by our sustained track record of high-quality same-ship yield growth.

"Our world-class cruise lines and destinations, exceptional guest experiences delivered by the best team in travel and leisure, and enhanced demand-generation against intentionally measured capacity growth position us to continue driving higher returns. At the same time, we are putting our increasingly durable cash flow to work, reinvesting in our business while returning more capital to shareholders," said Carnival Corporation's Chief Executive Officer Josh Weinstein.

Third Quarter 2026 Results

Advance Sales

"Our booking trends continued to strengthen throughout the quarter, with volumes meaningfully ahead of last year and far outpacing capacity growth. This momentum underscores the effectiveness of our demand generation efforts and the enduring appeal of our cruise lines," Weinstein said.

"For full-year 2027, both booked occupancy and pricing3 are at record levels, providing a strong foundation for another year of solid yield growth. Looking further ahead, 2028 is also off to an excellent start at higher occupancy and prices than last year."

"Customer deposits, another key leading indicator, also reached a third-quarter record of $7.6 billion, surpassing the prior-year record by $0.5 billion despite flat capacity growth over the next twelve months."

"Taken together, the ongoing strength we are seeing across our record booking curve, which has extended out even further, reinforces our confidence in the durability of demand for our cruise lines and the earnings power of our business," Weinstein added.

_______________
1
Net income attributable to Carnival Corporation.

2 See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and "Constant Currency."

3 Pricing in constant currency.

2026 Outlook

For the full year 2026, the company expects:

For the fourth quarter of 2026, the company expects net yields (in constant currency) up approximately 1.7 percent compared to 2025 record levels. Net yields (in constant currency) up approximately 2.3 percent after reflecting the impact of loyalty program accounting for Carnival Cruise Line.

See "Guidance" for additional information on the company's 2026 outlook, "Non-GAAP Financial Measures," "Reconciliation of Forecasted Data" and "Constant Currency."

Capital Allocation 

"Our strong operating cash flow enabled us to continue strengthening our financial position while advancing our commitment to return value to shareholders," commented Carnival Corporation's Chief Financial Officer David Bernstein. "With nearly $1.2 billion of share repurchases so far this year — nearly $800 million since the beginning of the third quarter — and our ongoing dividend program, we are making meaningful progress toward our PROPEL target of distributing cash to our shareholders, responsibly. During the third quarter we were also able to use cash on hand to opportunistically redeem $500 million of seven percent coupon notes, which were among our highest coupon debt. Even with the substantial capital we are returning to shareholders, we continue to expect year-over-year improvement in our balance sheet and leverage metrics."

During the quarter, S&P upgraded the company's credit rating, making it the second rating agency to award the company an investment grade rating. Following this upgrade, the company does not have any remaining secured debt.

The company distributed $204 million in dividends during the quarter, bringing the year to date total to $618 million.

Other Recent Highlights

Guidance

(See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures," "Reconciliation of Forecasted Data" and "Constant Currency")


4Q 2026


Full Year 2026

Year over year change

Current
Dollars


Constant
Currency


Current
Dollars


Constant
Currency

Net yields

Approx. 2.3%


Approx. 1.7%


Approx. 3.8%


Approx. 2.3%

Adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD                    

Approx. 1.9%


Approx. 1.7%


Approx. 3.5%


Approx. 2.2%










4Q 2026


Full Year 2026

ALBDs (in millions) (a)

24.1


97.4

Capacity growth compared to prior year

(0.1) %


1.0 %





Fuel consumption in metric tons (in millions)

0.7


2.7

Fuel cost per metric ton consumed (excluding emission allowances)

$                        896


$                        768

Fuel expense (including emission allowances expense) (in billions)

$                       0.64


$                       2.25





Depreciation and amortization expense (in billions)

$                       0.75


$                       2.92

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest and interest income (in billions)

$                       0.26


$                       1.08





Adjusted EBITDA (in billions)

Approx. $1.30


Approx. $7.14

Adjusted net income (in millions)

Approx. $274


Approx. $3,080

Adjusted earnings per share - diluted

Approx. $0.20


Approx. $2.24

Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic

1,352


1,369

Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted

1,358


1,376


(a)   See "Notes to Statistical Information."


Currencies (USD to 1)                                                                                     

4Q 2026

Full Year 2026

AUD

$                           0.71

$                           0.70

CAD

$                           0.71

$                           0.72

EUR

$                           1.15

$                           1.16

GBP

$                           1.34

$                           1.35


Sensitivities (impact to adjusted net income in millions)

4Q 2026

1% change in net yields

$                                                                      49

1% change in adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD

$                                                                      30

10% change in fuel cost per metric ton (excluding emission allowances)     

$                                                                      59

100 basis point change in variable rate debt

$                                                                        4

1% change in currency exchange rates

$                                                                        7

Capital Expenditures

For the fourth quarter of 2026, newbuild capital expenditures are $0.3 billion and non-newbuild capital expenditures are $0.9 billion. These future capital expenditures will fluctuate with foreign currency movements relative to the U.S. Dollar.

Conference Call 

The company has scheduled a conference call with analysts at 10:00 a.m. EDT today to discuss its earnings release. This call can be listened to live and additional information including the company's earnings presentation can be obtained on its website at www.carnivalcorp.com. 

Carnival Corporation is the largest global cruise company and among the largest leisure travel companies, with a portfolio of world-class cruise lines – AIDA Cruises, Carnival Cruise Line, Costa Cruises, Cunard, Holland America Line, P&O Cruises, Princess Cruises and Seabourn. Carnival Corporation trades under the ticker symbol CCL on the NYSE and is included in the S&P 500.

Additional information can be found on www.carnivalcorp.com, www.aida.de, www.carnival.com, www.costacruises.com, www.cunard.com, www.hollandamerica.com, www.pocruises.com, www.princess.com, and www.seabourn.com. 

To learn more about Carnival Corporation's purpose and its commitment to sustainability, go to Our Impact.

Cautionary Note Concerning Factors That May Affect Future Results

Some of the statements, estimates or projections contained in this document are "forward-looking statements" that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions with respect to us, including statements concerning future results, operations, strategy, outlooks, plans, goals, reputation, cash flows, liquidity and other events which have not yet occurred. These statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbors from liability provided by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We have tried, whenever possible, to identify these statements by using words like "will," "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "depends," "expect," "goal," "aspiration," "anticipate," "forecast," "project," "future," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "target," "indicate," "outlook," and similar expressions of future intent or the negative of such terms.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to our outlook and financial position, as well as, statements regarding:

•  Revenues

•  Financial outlook

•  Costs and expenses

•  Non-GAAP measures

•  Capital expenditures

•  Passenger capacity

•  Leverage metrics

•  Demand and booking trends

•  Shareholder returns

•  Progress toward achieving our goals and targets

Because forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, there are many factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. This note contains important cautionary statements of the known factors that we consider could materially affect the accuracy of our forward-looking statements and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

The ordering of the risk factors set forth above is not intended to reflect our indication of priority or likelihood. There may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. Additional information about the factors that may affect future results is contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as our other filings with the SEC, all of which are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. 

Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Subject to any continuing obligations under applicable law or any relevant stock exchange rules, we expressly disclaim any obligation to disseminate, after the date of this document, any updates or revisions to any such forward-looking statements to reflect any change in expectations or events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statements are based.

Forward-looking and other statements in this document may also address our sustainability progress, plans, and goals (including emissions and environmental-related matters). In addition, historical, current, and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards and tools for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions and predictions that are subject to change in the future and may not be generally shared.

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

(in millions, except per share data)



Three Months Ended

August 31,


Nine Months Ended

August 31,


2026


2025


2026


2025

Passenger ticket

$              5,529


$              5,430


$           13,825


$           13,366

Onboard and other

2,906


2,723


7,438


6,925

Total Revenues

8,435


8,153


21,263


20,292

Cruise and tour operating expenses:








Commissions, transportation and other

988


973


2,638


2,603

Onboard and other

902


883


2,217


2,154

Payroll and related

641


636


2,024


1,915

Fuel

615


451


1,607


1,384

Food

401


398


1,172


1,124

Other operating

1,081


1,044


3,135


2,858

Total Cruise and tour operating expenses

4,628


4,385


12,792


12,037

Selling and administrative expense

834


779


2,621


2,442

Depreciation and amortization expense

754


717


2,172


2,064

Operating Income

2,220


2,271


3,678


3,748

Interest income

17


15


41


34

Interest expense, net of capitalized interest

(285)


(317)


(862)


(1,034)

Debt extinguishment and modification costs

(23)


(111)


(23)


(366)

Other income (expense), net

10


0


(60)


(4)

Income Before Income Taxes

1,939


1,860


2,774


2,377

Income tax expense, net

(16)


(6)


(50)


(30)

Net Income

1,923


1,854


2,725


2,348

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

3


2


9


10

Net Income attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd.

$              1,920


$              1,852


$              2,715


$              2,338









Earnings Per Share








Basic

$                1.41


$                1.41


$                1.97


$                1.78

Diluted

$                1.40


$                1.33


$                1.96


$                1.71

Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding - Basic

1,363


1,313


1,375


1,311

Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding - Diluted

1,368


1,402


1,382


1,401

 

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

(in millions, except par values)



August 31, 2026


November 30, 2025

ASSETS




Current Assets




Cash and cash equivalents

$                           1,220


$                           1,928

Trade and other receivables, net

670


678

Inventories

528


505

Prepaid expenses and other

1,004


1,108

  Total current assets

3,421


4,219

Property and Equipment, Net

43,397


43,494

Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets, Net

1,228


1,328

Goodwill

579


579

Other Intangibles

1,181


1,177

Other Assets

1,166


890


$                         50,971


$                         51,687

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY




Current Liabilities




Current portion of long-term debt

$                           2,036


$                           2,603

Current portion of operating lease liabilities

168


175

Accounts payable

1,159


1,245

Accrued liabilities and other

1,983


2,239

Customer deposits

7,129


6,831

  Total current liabilities

12,475


13,092

Long-Term Debt

21,876


24,037

Long-Term Operating Lease Liabilities

1,082


1,178

Other Long-Term Liabilities

1,333


1,097





Shareholders' Equity




Carnival Corporation Ltd. common shares, $0.01 par value; 1,960 shares
   authorized; 1,514 shares issued at 2026 and 1,298 shares issued at 2025

15


13

Carnival plc ordinary shares, $1.66 par value; no shares issued at 2026 and
217 shares issued at 2025

—


361

Additional paid-in capital

15,663


17,253

Retained earnings

6,712


4,817

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

(1,714)


(1,810)

Treasury stock, 162 shares at 2026 and 131 shares at 2025 of Carnival
   Corporation Ltd. and no shares at 2026 and 72 shares at 2025 of
   Carnival plc, at cost

(6,488)


(8,364)

        Total shareholders' equity attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd.

14,188


12,270

Noncontrolling interests

19


14

  Total shareholders' equity

14,207


12,284


$                         50,971


$                         51,687

 

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

OTHER INFORMATION


OTHER BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION (in millions)                                            

August 31, 2026


November 30, 2025

Debt (current and long-term)

$                         23,912


$                         26,640

Customer deposits (current and long-term)

$                           7,639


$                           7,246







Three Months Ended

August 31,


Nine Months Ended

August 31,

CASH FLOW INFORMATION (in millions)

2026


2025


2026


2025

Cash from operations

$              1,410


$              1,383


$              5,303


$              4,700

Capital expenditures (Purchases of Property and Equipment)

$                 698


$                 648


$              2,139


$              2,105

Dividends paid

$                 204


$                   —


$                 618


$                   —











Three Months Ended

August 31,


Nine Months Ended

August 31,

STATISTICAL INFORMATION

2026


2025


2026


2025

Passenger Cruise Days ("PCDs") (in millions) (a)

27.9


27.5


78.0


77.1

ALBDs (in millions) (b)

24.9


24.6


73.3


72.3

Occupancy percentage (c)

111.8 %


111.7 %


106.5 %


106.5 %

Passengers carried (in millions)

3.9


3.8


10.5


10.3









Fuel consumption in metric tons (in millions)

0.7


0.7


2.1


2.1

Fuel consumption in metric tons per thousand ALBDs

26.9


28.0


28.0


29.4

Fuel cost per metric ton consumed (excluding emission
allowances)

$             826


$             607


$             726


$             621









Currencies (USD to 1)








AUD

$            0.70


$            0.65


$            0.70


$            0.64

CAD

$            0.71


$            0.73


$            0.72


$            0.71

EUR

$            1.15


$            1.16


$            1.16


$            1.10

GBP

$            1.34


$            1.35


$            1.34


$            1.30


Notes to Statistical Information


(a)

PCD represents the number of cruise passengers on a voyage multiplied by the number of revenue-producing ship operating days for that voyage.



(b)

ALBD is a standard measure of passenger capacity for the period that we use to approximate rate and capacity variances, based on consistently applied formulas that we use to perform analyses to determine the main non-capacity driven factors that cause our cruise revenues and expenses to vary. ALBDs assume that each cabin we offer for sale accommodates two passengers and is computed by multiplying passenger capacity by revenue-producing ship operating days in the period.



(c)

Occupancy, in accordance with cruise industry practice, is calculated using a numerator of PCDs and a denominator of ALBDs, which assumes two passengers per cabin even though some cabins can accommodate three or more passengers. Percentages in excess of 100% indicate that on average more than two passengers occupied some cabins.

 

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES



Three Months Ended

August 31,


Nine Months Ended

August 31,

(in millions, except per share data)

2026


2025


2026


2025

Net income attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd.

$              1,920


$             1,852


$              2,715


$              2,338

(Gains) losses on ship sales and impairments

2


0


2


(101)

Debt extinguishment and modification costs

23


111


23


366

     Restructuring expense

8


3


8


5

     Other

10


17


58


17

Adjusted net income

$              1,963


$             1,982


$              2,807


$              2,625

  Interest expense, net of capitalized interest

285


317


862


1,034

  Interest income

(17)


(15)


(41)


(34)

  Income tax expense, net

16


(8)


50


16

  Depreciation and amortization expense

746


717


2,164


2,064

Adjusted EBITDA

$              2,993


$             2,993


$              5,842


$              5,706









Earnings per share - diluted (a)

$                1.40


$                1.33


$                1.96


$                1.71

Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted (a)

1,368


1,402


1,382


1,401









Adjusted earnings per share - diluted (a)

$                1.43


$                1.43


$                2.03


$                1.91

Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding -
diluted (a)

1,368


1,402


1,382


1,401









(See Non-GAAP Financial Measures)







(a)

Diluted earnings per share and diluted adjusted earnings per share include the add-back of dilutive interest expense related to the company's convertible notes of $18 million and $53 million for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2025.

 

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (CONTINUED)


Gross margin yields and net yields were computed by dividing the gross margin and adjusted gross margin by ALBDs as follows:



Three Months Ended August 31,


Nine Months Ended August 31,

(in millions, except yields data)

2026


2026

Constant

Currency


2025


2026


2026

Constant

Currency


2025

Total Revenues

$      8,435




$       8,153


$     21,263




$     20,292

Less: Cruise and tour operating expenses

(4,628)




(4,385)


(12,792)




(12,037)

Depreciation and amortization expense

(754)




(717)


(2,172)




(2,064)

Gross margin

3,054




3,051


6,299




6,191

Less: Tour and other revenues

(191)




(179)


(224)




(212)

Add: Payroll and related

641




636


2,024




1,915

Fuel

615




451


1,607




1,384

Food

401




398


1,172




1,124

Other operating

1,081




1,044


3,135




2,858

Depreciation and amortization expense

754




717


2,172




2,064

Adjusted gross margin

$      6,355


$      6,357


$       6,119


$     16,183


$     15,904


$     15,323













ALBDs

24.9


24.9


24.6


73.3


73.3


72.3













Gross margin yields (per ALBD)

$    122.55




$    124.20


$       85.94




$      85.57

Net yields (per ALBD)

$    254.99


$    255.09


$    249.11


$     220.80


$     216.99


$    211.79













(See Non-GAAP Financial Measures)

 

CARNIVAL CORPORATION LTD.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (CONTINUED)


Cruise costs per ALBD, adjusted cruise costs per ALBD and adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD were computed by dividing cruise
costs, adjusted cruise costs and adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel by ALBDs as follows:



Three Months Ended August 31,


Nine Months Ended August 31,

(in millions, except costs per ALBD data)

2026


2026

Constant

Currency


2025


2026


2026

Constant

Currency


2025

Cruise and tour operating expenses

$       4,628




$       4,385


$     12,792




$     12,037

Selling and administrative expense

834




779


2,621




2,442

Less: Tour and other expenses

(109)




(102)


(174)




(157)

Cruise costs

5,353




5,062


15,239




14,323

Less: Commissions, transportation and other

(988)




(973)


(2,638)




(2,603)

  Onboard and other costs

(902)




(883)


(2,217)




(2,154)

Gains (losses) on ship sales and impairments

(2)




0


(2)




101

Restructuring expense

(8)




(3)


(8)




(5)

Other

(2)




(4)


(36)




(4)

Adjusted cruise costs

3,451


3,456


3,201


10,338


10,187


9,659

Less: Fuel

(615)


(615)


(451)


(1,607)


(1,606)


(1,384)

Adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel

$       2,836


$       2,841


$       2,750


$       8,731


$       8,582


$       8,275













ALBDs

24.9


24.9


24.6


73.3


73.3


72.3













Cruise costs per ALBD

$     214.81




$     206.11


$     207.92




$     197.97

Adjusted cruise costs per ALBD

$     138.48


$     138.66


$     130.31


$     141.05


$     139.00


$     133.50

Adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD

$     113.81


$     113.98


$     111.96


$     119.12


$     117.09


$     114.38













(See Non-GAAP Financial Measures)







Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use non-GAAP financial measures and they are provided along with their most comparative U.S. GAAP financial measure:

Non-GAAP Measure


U.S. GAAP Measure


Use Non-GAAP Measure to Assess

•  Adjusted net income, adjusted
   EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA per
   ALBD and adjusted EBITDA margin


•  Net income attributable
   to Carnival Corporation Ltd.


•  Company Performance

•  Adjusted earnings per share


•  Earnings per share


•  Company Performance

•  Net debt to adjusted EBITDA


—


•  Company Leverage

•  Net yields


•  Gross margin yields


•  Cruise Segments Performance

•  Adjusted cruise costs per ALBD and
   adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel
   per ALBD


•  Cruise costs per ALBD


•  Cruise Segments Performance

•  Adjusted ROIC


—


•  Company Performance

The presentation of our non-GAAP financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to the financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. It is possible that our non-GAAP financial measures may not be exactly comparable to the like-kind information presented by other companies, which is a potential risk associated with using these measures to compare us to other companies.

Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share provide additional information to us and investors about our future earnings performance. These measures represent net income attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd., excluding certain gains, losses and expenses that we believe are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance. We believe that gains and losses on ship sales, impairment charges, debt extinguishment and modification costs, restructuring costs and certain other gains, losses and expenses are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance.

Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA per ALBD and adjusted EBITDA margin provide additional information to us and investors about our core operating profitability, including on a per ALBD basis, by excluding certain gains, losses and expenses that we believe are not part of our core operating business and are not an indication of our future earnings performance as well as excluding interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization. In addition, we believe that the presentation of adjusted EBITDA provides additional information to us and investors about our ability to operate our business in compliance with the covenants set forth in our debt agreements. We define adjusted EBITDA as adjusted net income adjusted for (i) interest, (ii) taxes and (iii) depreciation and amortization. There are material limitations to using adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA does not take into account certain significant items that directly affect our net income attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd. These limitations are best addressed by considering the economic effects of the excluded items independently and by considering adjusted EBITDA in conjunction with net income attributable to Carnival Corporation Ltd. as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenues.

Net debt to adjusted EBITDA provides additional information to us and investors about our overall leverage. We define net debt to adjusted EBITDA as total debt less cash and cash equivalents divided by twelve-month adjusted EBITDA.

Net yields enable us and investors to measure the performance of our cruise segments on a per ALBD basis. We use adjusted gross margin rather than gross margin to calculate net yields. We believe that adjusted gross margin is a more meaningful measure in determining net yields than gross margin because it reflects the cruise revenues earned net of only our most significant variable costs, which are travel agent commissions, cost of air and other transportation, certain other costs that are directly associated with onboard and other revenues and credit and debit card fees.

Adjusted cruise costs per ALBD and adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD enable us and investors to separate the impact of predictable capacity or ALBD changes from price and other changes that affect our business. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to us and investors and expanded insight to measure our cost performance. Adjusted cruise costs per ALBD and adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD are the measures we use to monitor our ability to control our cruise segments' costs rather than cruise costs per ALBD. We exclude gains and losses on ship sales, impairment charges, restructuring costs and certain other gains and losses that we believe are not part of our core operating business as well as excluding our most significant variable costs, which are travel agent commissions, cost of air and other transportation, certain other costs that are directly associated with onboard and other revenues and credit and debit card fees. We exclude fuel expense to calculate adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel. The price of fuel, over which we have no control, impacts the comparability of period-to-period cost performance. The adjustment to exclude fuel provides us and investors with supplemental information to understand and assess the company's non-fuel adjusted cruise cost performance. Substantially all of our adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel are largely fixed, except for the impact of changing prices once the number of ALBDs has been determined.

Adjusted return on invested capital ("ROIC") provides additional information to us and investors about our operating performance relative to the capital we have invested in the company. We define ROIC as the twelve-month adjusted net income before interest expense and interest income divided by the monthly average of debt plus equity minus construction-in-progress, excess cash, goodwill and intangibles.

Reconciliation of Forecasted Data 

We have not provided a reconciliation of forecasted non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures because preparation of meaningful U.S. GAAP forecasts would require unreasonable effort. We are unable to predict, without unreasonable effort, the future movement of foreign exchange rates and fuel prices. We are unable to determine the future impact of gains and losses on ship sales, impairment charges, debt extinguishment and modification costs, restructuring costs and certain other non-core gains and losses.

Constant Currency

Our operations primarily utilize the U.S. dollar, Australian dollar, euro and sterling as functional currencies to measure results and financial condition. Functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar subject us to foreign currency translational risk. Our operations also have revenues and expenses that are in currencies other than their functional currency, which subject us to foreign currency transactional risk.

Constant currency reporting removes the impact of changes in exchange rates on the translation of our operations plus the transactional impact of changes in exchange rates from revenues and expenses that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency.

We report adjusted gross margin, net yields, adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel and adjusted cruise costs excluding fuel per ALBD on a "constant currency" basis assuming the current periods' currency exchange rates have remained constant with the prior periods' rates. These metrics facilitate a comparative view for the changes in our business in an environment with fluctuating exchange rates.

Examples:

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SOURCE Carnival Corporation Ltd.